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Typically, when an invasive virus triggers an immune response, B cells form autonomic structures in the lymph node follicles, where they quickly multiply, mutate, and become billions of immune armies, each with a copy of its signature. antibody protein on its skin. As soon as this happens, however, the cells move on to a deadly game of musical chairs at the molecular level, competing to connect with a small number of virus fragments, which is best suited to attack. Loss of cells immediately begin to kill millions. In the end, only B cells with the antibody that forms the strongest link to the invasive virus survive to release into the bloodstream.
The good thing is that the rest do not, Sanz explained, because 30% of the antibodies generated in the race to fight an invasive virus will go to body parts designed to protect the system.
When Sanz examined the blood of patients with severe covido, he found that many quickly produced antibodies to fight the virus. But most of these antibodies were created by rapidly multiplying B cells produced outside of normal cutting. Sanz had previously seen this phenomenon in lupus, and many believed it was a hallmark of immune dysfunction.
Professor Eline Luning Prak of the University Hospital of Pennsylvania says she is not surprised. Luning Prak, an expert in autoimmune diseases, has warned that regular check-ups can be relaxed when the body is in crisis. “This is what I call a back-style immune response,” he says. “When you’re dying of a complete viral infection, at the moment the immune system says, ‘I don’t care, you just gave me nothing.'”
It’s still a mystery
In March, James Heath, president of the Seattle Institute of Systems Biology, worked with a long list of renowned immunologists to publish the first scientific article characterizing the immune system in patients he believes is infected and two to three months old. Heath and his colleagues found that the people who survived took one of four different paths. Two groups of patients had a full recovery – one group from severe acute coccidiosis and the second from a milder form of the disease. And the other two groups — some of whom had severe acute covido and some of the initial symptoms were mild — continued to have massive immune activation.
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