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Just like any other physicists have been able to know that nature speaks two languages that cannot be understood: one of gravity and the other. The percentage curves of space-time indicate which path the planet and people should fall on, while all other forces start from quantum particles.
Albert Einstein first spoke about gravity bends in space-time in his general theory of gravity. Most theorists assume that gravity pushes us through particles, called gravitons, but attempts to rewrite Einstein’s theory using quantum rules have generally created nonsense. There is a deep rift between the forces, and the whole union of the two grammars seems to be far apart.
In recent years, however, the amazing translation tool known as the “double copy” has been surprisingly clever in converting certain gravitational entities, such as gravitons and black holes, into incredibly simpler quantum equivalents.
“There is a schism in the image of the world, which overcomes that gap,” said Leron Borsten, a physicist at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Study.
Although the unproven mathematical relationship between gravity and quantum forces lacks a clear physical interpretation, it does advise physicists to draw almost impossible gravitational calculations and to have a common ground beneath all forces.
John Joseph CarrascoA physicist at Northwestern University said anyone who spends time with a double copy believes it is “rooted in a different way of understanding gravity.”
Gravity with the rest
On one side of the basic physics are electromagnetic force, weak force, and strong force. Each of these forces comes with its own particle carrier (or carriers) and some quality in which the particle responds. Electromagnetism, for example, uses photons to propel around charged particles, and the powerful force is transmitted by gluons that act on particles with a property called color.
Physicists can describe any event related to these forces as a sequence of particles scattered from each other. The event begins by bringing the two particles closer together and ends by the two particles flying sideways. In principle, there are many interactions that can occur with each other. But theorists have learned how to do it terrifying specific predictions the simplest sequence and probably the default.
On the other side of the division is gravity, and it rebels against this kind of treatment.
Grabitones react with themselves, creating looping-like Escher-like equations. They also breed with a promiscuity that would make rabbits blush. When graphites are mixed, any of them can be explained, complicating the priority scheme used for other forces. Writing formulas for simple gravitational problems is the motto.
But the double copy procedure serves as an apparent back door.
Zvi Bern and Lance Dixon, then Carrasco and Henrik Johansson, The procedure he developed in the 2000s, moving forward older in string theory, a candidate for quantum gravity theory. In string theory, O-shaped loops representing graphites play a pair of S-shaped chains corresponding to the carriers of other forces. The researchers found that the relationship also exists in the case of point particles, not just in hypothetical chains.
In the sum of all possible interactions that could occur in a particle scattering event, the mathematical term that represents each interaction is divided into two parts, as the number 6 is divided by 2 × 3. The first part captures the nature of the force in question; for strong force, this term refers to a property called color. The second term refers to the motion of particles, “kinematics.”
To make a double copy, you throw out the term color and replace it with a copy of the term kinematics, converting 2 × 3 to 3 × 3.
The double copy has the Achilles heel: Before executing the procedure, theorists must rewrite the additional kinematic term in the way that the term color looks like. This reformatting is difficult and may not always be possible, as the sum is improved to include more confusing interactions. If the kinematics so require, achieving the result of gravity is as easy as changing 2 × 3 and 3 × 3.
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